Thursday, 28 May 2015

RICE GROWING SEASONS AND REGIONS IN INDIA

Knowledge Series :

Rice is the main food item of Indian Diet. 

Rice (Paddy) sowing/transplanting and harvesting periods have a great variation in different parts of India due to variation in temperature, rainfall, soil type and other Agroclimatic conditions.

Three Main Seasons for Rice/Paddy which are classified according to season of harvesting of the crop.


Rice Seasons
Sowing Time
Harvesting Time
Interesting Facts
Autumn Rice
May to August           
September to October
·      Known as Pre-Kharif rice.
·   The time of sowing differs among states due to variation in weather condition and rainfall pattern.
·  Autumn rice crop is known as 'Aus' in West Bengal, 'Ahu' in Assam, 'Beali' in Orissa, 'Bhadai' in Bihar, 'Virippu' in Kerala and 'Kuruvai/kar/ Sornavari' in Tamil Nadu.
Winter Rice

[This is the main rice growing season in India]
June to July
November to December
·      Known as Kharif rice.
·     Winter rice is known as 'Aman' in West Bengal, 'Sali' in Assam, 'Sarrad' in Orissa, 'Agahani' in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, 'Sarava' in Andhra Pradesh, 'Mundakan' in Kerala and 'Samba/Thaladi' in Tamil Nadu. About 84% of the country's rice crop is grown in this season.
Summer Rice
November to February
March to June
·      Known as Rabi rice.
·      It is known as 'Boro' in Assam and West Bengal, 'Dalua'in Orissa, 'Dalwa' in Andhra Pradesh, 'Punja' in Kerala and 'Navarai' in Tamil Nadu and 'Garma' in Bihar.

Due to favorable temperature conditions in the eastern and southern regions of the country, two or three crops of rice are grown in a year.
In northern and western parts of the country, due to sufficient rainfall and fairly low winter temperature, only one crop of rice is grown during the month from May to November.

 RICE GROWING REGIONS   
Sl.No.
Rice Growing Regions
Facts
1
North-Eastern Region

·         Major States are Assam and North eastern states.
·         In Assam rice is grown in the basin of Brahmnaputra river.
·      North-eastern region receives very heavy rainfall and thus rice is grown under rain fed condition.
2
Eastern Region

·         Major States: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
·         Rice is grown in the basins of Ganga and Mahanadi rivers.
·       This region has the highest intensity of rice cultivation in the country as it receives heavy rainfall thus rice is grown under rain fed conditions.
3
Northern Region

·   Major States: Haryana, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir.
·         Low winter temperature.
·         Single crop of rice from May-July to September-December is grown.
4
Western Region
·         Major States: Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan.
·         Rice is grown under rain fed condition during June-August to October - December.
5
Southern Region
·         Major States: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
·        Rice is mainly grown in deltaic tracts of Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery rivers and the non-deltaic rain fed area of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
·         Rice is grown under irrigated condition in deltaic tracts.
Source of Data/ information: http://drd.dacnet.nic.in/  (Directorate of Rice Development, Patna)

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